Apparatus for focusing flame



(No Model.)

C. H. LAND. APPARATUS FOR FOGUSING FLAME.

MTW/2385s fix/VENTO@ By 5c; ior/zey 9%@ f/MZW y MJ w74 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES H. LAND, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

APPARATUS FOR FOCUSING FLAME.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 530,696, dated December 11, 1894.

Application filed March 2, l 894.

To all whom it may concern:

A Be it known that I, CHARLES H. LAND, a citizen of the United States, residing at Detroit, county of Wayne, State of Michigan, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Apparatus for Focusing Flame; and I declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification.

My invention is designed to provide new and useful improvements in an apparatus for focusing flame and in an oil burner adapted and designed for use in connection therewith.

My invention consists of the construction, combination and arrangement of devices and appliances hereinafter described and claimed and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a side elevation of a burner embodying features of my invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the same. Fig. 3 is a detail view in plan of the supporting device having the removable slide for supporting the diaphragm. Fig. 4 is a cross section on the line Alf-4, Fig. 3. Fig. 5 isa vertical section of an oil burner embodying certain features of my invention and showing a modification of that illustrated in Fig. 2. Fig. 6 is a detail view of the guide bar embracing the inlet pipe.

Certain features of my device,I would have it understood, are designed and adapted for use in connection with a Variety of heating apparatus, such as furnaces, stoves, and the like, whatever form of burner may be used in connection therewith or whatever fuel may be used.

I carry out my invention as follows:

As shown in the drawings, A represents a combustion chamber provided with a flue a, as for a furnace, for example, A denoting the case or wall thereof. I prefer that the case A' should be constructed of refractory material surrounded with a metal lining as at A2, an asbestos or similar packing As being located between the lining A2 and the shell or 5o case A but I do not limit my present inven- Serial No. 502,152. (No model.)

tion to any particular construction of the inclosure of the combustion chamber.

B denotes any suitable support for the com- 'bustion chamber the same being preferably provided with a supporting bed B at its upper end, said bed constructed with a central opening as shown at 6. Upon said bed is located a removable slide B2 formed with a central orifice as shown atb', said opening being shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3. To receive said slide the bed B maybe constructed with guide flanges b2. The slide B2 is also preferably constructed with flanges b3 within which may be located a removable diaphragm C preferably made of refractory material, said diaphragm being constructed with a contracted opening, c. The diaphragm is made removable so that any diaphragm provided with a central orifice c, of any desired diameter, may be readily placed in position upon the slide. The slide B2 is located upon the bed B just beneath the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber resting, as shown in the drawings, upon the periphery of the bed B. The diaphragm is thus located intermediate the bed B and the bed of the combustion chamber A.

It is contemplated and designed that the heating apparatus should be supplied with a series of diaphragms C, having their central orifices respectively of diering diameters so that by pulling out the slide B2 any desired diaphragm may be engaged thereupon as circumstances may require. The diaphragm may thus readily be changed to suit any condition of affairs at the will of the operator.

One of the many objects of my present invention is to provide a heating apparatus, or an apparatus for focusing flame with a removable and adjustable diaphragm; and I would have it understood that I do not limit myself solely to this specific device and manner of supporting the same and of making the diaphragm interchangeable, as it may be made interchangeable in any desired manner, within the scope of my invention.

D represents a burner located beneath the diaphragm, the burner being vertically adjustable in any suitable manner. Thus as shown, the burner is supported upon a stem D having a screw thread engagementin a brace arm B4 of the supporting device B. In order to keep the burner in proper position horizontally the stem D may have a swiveled engagement with the burner D as shown at d.

The particular burner illustrated in the drawings submitted herewith is designed more particularly as an oil burner, although I do not limit the use of my interchangeable diaphragm to a heating or llame focusing apparatus employing an oil burner alone, as the interchangeable diaphragm may be employed with a variety of burners, as with a gas burner for example, as well as with an oil burner.

The oil burner shown herewith consists essentially of an oil receiving basin or chamber D2 into which the oil is admitted through a feeding pipe E. l

F is an oil reservoir provided with a faucet F having a controlling valve f, the feeding pipe being provided with a receiving funnel E', although the oil may be fed into the pipe E in any desired manner, but this construction permits the ready vertical adjustment of the burner.

As shown in Fig. 2 the base of the burner is closed or solid admitting no air therethrough into the center of the flame, but in Fig. 5 I have shown the burner provided with an air tube D3 leading through the bottom of the burner centrally and communicating with the tubular stein D as shown. This construction of the burner supplies air into the interior of the liame.

The tubular stem D may be provided with any suitable controlling damper or valve d to regulate the current of air passed therethrough.

To prevent the burner D from turning, in the vertical adjustment thereof, I provide the bed B with a forked guide G embracing the feed pipe E, allowing said pipe to be vertically adjusted.

H denotes a muffle in the combustion chamber supported above the orifice in the diaphragm.

The apparatus liereinbefore described is especially designed and adapted for focusing flame and in certain respects is designed as an improvement upon an apparatus embodied in a certain application filed by me January l5, 1894, Serial No. 496,886.

I have found, in practical demonstrations, that in order to obtain the best results, to secure the highest degrees of heat, to secure perfect combustion, and an economical use of fuel, the llame should be properly focused, the focusing of the flame requiring a vertically adjustable burner, the proper focusing of the flame also requiring a perforated diaphragm above, having its orifice of proper dirnensions, the diameter of the orifice red uired differing under various circumstances and 6 5 conditions. For example, I have discovered that just in proportion to the draft of the chimney or flue, which is dependent upon the height of the building, must the size of the orifice in the diaphragm correspond thereto. When the draft of the chimney or fine is increased or diminished the size ofthe orifice in the diaphragm needs to be changed.

Suppose, for instance, with a device similar to that embodied in the drawings, we start with a consumption of, say two gallons of oil in ten hours, the flame being focused through a one and a half inch orifice in the diaphragm, the height of the chimney being two stories. The raising and lowering of the burner, set normally at a given distan ce from the orifice in the diaphragm, will admit a definite amount of air corresponding to the proportions of the ue and of the oil consumed, and of the-diameter of the orifice in the diaphragm as above named; but with precisely the same amount of fuel, the building being ten stories in height, the increased draft of the chimney or flue being capable of exhausting a much greater amount of air through the diaphragm, it becomes necessary that the diameter of the orifice in the diaphragm should be reduced, and the distance of the burner therefrom should be changed so as to secure a dierent focusing of the flame. In this case the burner should be set closer to the diaphragm. In fact the interchangeable diaphragm becomes the regulator of the draft and of the amount of air supplied to the flame. Again the draft of a chimney or flue is changed under varying conditions of the Weather, the height of the chimneyorflue being the same. When there is a very strong draft, as upon a very windy day, it becomes necessary, to effect the best results, to reduce the diameter of the orifice in the diaphragm, which is readily done by inserting a suitable diaphragm at the base of the combustion chamber, the focus of the burner being changed to correspond, the burner consuming precisely the same amount of fuel.

In a burner of the form shown in Fig. 2 the air is supplied to the flame, to promote combustion, exterior to the flame; but in a burner of the form shown in Fig. 5, air is supplied to the burner both within and exterior to the flame.

In an apparatus so constructed the flame may be focused to suit any and all conditions and circumstances, producing results analogous to those produced by a blow pipe, securing perfect combustion, and very high degrees of heat. In a muffled furnace, as shown in the drawings, the flame may thus be focused underneath the muffle.

Now, what I claim as my invention is- 1. The combination with a heating apparatus provided with a burner and a combustion chamber, of a removable perforated diaphragm located therebetween, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination with a heating appara- IOO IIO

tus provided with a burner, a combustion chamber, and a support therefor, of a removable perforated diaphragm located between the support and the combustion chamber, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination with a heating apparatus provided with a burner and a combustion chamber, of a removable slide, and a removable perforated diaphragm engaged with said slide, substantially' as set forth.

4. The combination with a heating device of a combustion chamber, a removable perforated diaphragm at the base of said chamber, and a vertically adjustable burner located therebeneath, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination with a heating appara- CAB CHARLES H. LAND.

Witnesses:

N. S. WRIGHT, OTTo B. BAENZIGER. 

